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Here we present 15 words that passed through Gaelic（盖尔语） on their way to English. Some are stereotypically Gaelic, like bog and clan, but others may be a surprise, like words as common as loop or as colorful as curmudgeon.
* Gaelic is a language spoken by people in parts of Scotland and Ireland.
背景小知识：英语因受爱尔兰语，苏格兰语，盖尔语等大不列颠民族语言的潜移默化，拥有一些这些语言的词汇转化而来的英语词汇。盖尔语主要用于苏格兰和爱尔兰等凯尔特文化区，发音类似于德语。包括苏格兰盖尔语和爱尔兰盖尔语。今天小编挑选了15个具有代表性的词汇，一起来学习吧！
curmudgeon [kɜː’mʌdʒ(ə)n] 存心不良的人
英文释义：an irascible, cantankerous person full of stubborn ideas
e.g. But rather than grumpily eying them in staff meetings and turning yourself into the office curmudgeon, consider cutting them some slack.
—US News Aug 4, 2014
Although the etymology of this word is disputed, one theory derives it from the Gaelic muigean, which means “disagreeable person”.
bog [bɒg] 澡泽；泥塘
英文释义：wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation
e.g. A rain chain directs water into the frog pond, which overflows down streams, over waterfalls, into ponds and on to the cranberry bog.
—Seattle Times Jul 23, 2014
From the Gaelic adjective bog, meaning “soft, moist”.
glen [glen] 峡谷；幽谷
英文释义：a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)
e.g. Slowly,…their lips met like butterflies in a flowery glen, they entwined spiritually and bodily in a long, smooth embrace.
—The Milagro Beanfield War
From Gaelic gleann, “mountain valley”
wraith [reɪθ] 幽灵
英文释义：a mental representation of some haunting experience
e.g. What’s that pale, veiled wraith I see, gliding through the shadows of a twilit glade as if barely touching the ground?
—Seattle Times Jun 2, 2014
A Scottish word of uncertain origin. One theory derives it from Gaelic arrach, “specter, apparition”.
whiskey [‘hwɪski] 威士忌酒
英文释义：a liquor made from fermented mash of grain
e.g. Straight bourbon whiskey ages a minimum of two years, though the average maturity is four years or older.
—US News Aug 17, 2014
From Gaelic uisge beatha which literally means ” water of life”.
spree [spriː] 狂欢
英文释义：a brief indulgence of your impulses
e.g. During his golf spree, Bengali also estimates he lifted 27 tons of golf clubs, calculating an average of 2 pounds per club per swing.
—Los Angeles Times Aug 13, 2014
Ultimately from Gaelic sprédh “cattle, wealth” from what would be plundered on a spree.
bob [bɒb] 短发
英文释义：a hair style for women and children
e.g. She is a bob stalwart – a wavy number, sometimes plus comedy barrettes, has seen her through three series of Girls – but this is a departure.
–The Guardian Aug 18, 2014
From Gaelic babag “cluster”.
trouser [‘traʊzə] 裤子
英文释义：(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to te.g. he knee or ankle, covering each leg separately
At school, flouting hostile opinion, she wore trousers, played football and got involved in fights.
—The Guardian Aug 5, 2014
Gaelic triubhas , “close-fitting shorts”.
loop [luːp]/ [lup] 环；圈
英文释义：anything with a round or oval shape
e.g. It is tied with double loops of twine in virtually the same way that fishermen tie together their reed boats today.
—New York Times Aug 7, 2014
From Gaelic lub “bend”.
glom [glɒm] 偷；抢
英文释义：seize upon or latch onto something
e.g. Has anyone ever glommed on to her or taken advantage of her because of her famous family?
—Time Jul 25, 2012
From Gaelic glam “handle awkwardly, grab voraciously, devour”.
forsythia [fɔː’saɪθɪə; fə-] 连翘属植物
英文释义：any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers
e.g. The capital city sprawled below the trail, which was lined with azaleas, forsythia and magnolia in bloom.
—New York Times May 2, 2012
The flower is named for William Forsyth, who brought the flower back from China. His last name, from fearsithe, means “man of peace”.
spunky [‘spʌŋkɪ] 充满勇气的
英文释义：willing to face danger
e.g. They described their mother as a boisterous, spunky woman with an uncommon knack for engaging with other people and making them feel comfortable.
—New York Times Aug 17, 2014
From Gaelic spong, “tinder, pith, sponge”.
curd [kɜːd] 凝乳
英文释义：coagulated milk; used to make cheese
e.g. Case in point: a buffalo milk curd, spread creamily onto crisp toasts that are topped with Iberico ham and served with a rich onion broth.
—Time May 10, 2014
Originally crud in 15th Century English, from Gaelic gruth meaning ” to press or coagulate”
clan [klæn] 宗族；部落
英文释义：group of people related by blood or marriage
e.g. The target of the government’s disarmament campaign is the feared and powerful clan warlords.
—Time Aug 15, 2014
From Gaelic clann “family, stock, offspring”.
inglenook [‘ɪŋg(ə)lnʊk] 炉边
英文释义：a corner by a fireplace
e.g. Inside, a brick fireplace and inglenook speak to the era and define the home’s core.
—New York Times Jan 20, 2011The ingle part of inglenook is from a
Gaelic word for fire, aingeal.
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