墨尔本PTE素材库——Bees Rank Pollen by Taste
2016/08/09墨尔本PTE素材库——Frogs Signal Visually in Noisy Environments
2016/08/09
墨尔本PTE素材库——Fewer Nurses Means Higher Patient Death Risk
中文批注
有研究表明，如果一个Shift中的nurses数量不足的话，会增加病人2%的死亡率？
这个研究中共有大约19万8千的病人参与，总共经历了大约17万7千个8小时的Nursing Shifts。之前就有研究表明，病人的康复结果和护士有着很大的关联。这个研究起初并不是很顺利，因为有不少可能的变量存在。在最新的研究中，数据都是从同一个美国的医疗中心里采集的。
这篇文章并没有太大的生词，或者不认识的单词，内容也不复杂，是一篇非常不错的re-tell lecture的素材。大家拿来练习听力是非常不错的。建议大家先不要看full transcript，先认真听音频，看自己能理解多少，能写下多少关键词。之后再去核对Full Transcript，看自己错在哪里，有哪些细节点没有挺准确。发现自己有听错的话，就再播放一次音频，找出自己为何听错的原因，加以改进！这样才能用最快的速度进步哦！
澳大利亚语言学院整理的PTE素材库，旨在用最贴近PTE Official Question Criteria的材料，给大家提供一系列不同话题的PTE素材！让大家可以在平时练习听力、阅读、口语、写作，不至于陷入“题荒”的境地哦！例如这篇不错的听力练习，大家能否试着回答以下问题：
- 为何研究初期不顺利？
- 一共有多少病人参与研究？
- 研究大约进行了多久？
【Key Vocabulary】
Institutions： 体系，机构
Numerous：许多的，很多的
Confounding：混杂，混淆
Variables：变量
Categorized：分类的
Quality：质量
Quantity：数量
Full Transcript
Researchers found a 2 percent increase in a patient’s risk of death for each nursing work shift that was understaffed. Steve Mirsky reports.
Wanna get out of the hospital alive? Well, the nursing staff has a lot to do with it. Now a study finds that a patient’s risk of dying goes up along with the number of work shifts that a hospital is understaffed in nurses. The research was published in The New England Journal of Medicine. [Jack Needleman et al.]
The study included almost 198,000 patients, during nearly 177,000 eight-hour nursing shifts.
The research team originally reported that hospital nurse staffing was tied to patients’ outcomes a decade ago. That study was challenged because data were collected at several institutions, and thus had numerous possibly confounding variables. In the current study, all data were collected at a single, large academic medical center in the U.S.
The researchers found that a patient’s risk of death increased by about two percent for each work shift that was what the researchers categorized as understaffed. Patients in the study averaged three such shifts, which meant that their risk of dying increased by more than six percent compared with patients with access to fully staffed nursing teams. So when it comes to nurses it’s about quality—and quantity.
—Steve Mirsky
(Source: http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/fewer-nurses-means-higher-patient-d-11-03-18/)
