墨尔本PTE素材库——HPV Vaccine Needs to Reach Boys, Too

墨尔本PTE素材库——HPV Vaccine Needs to Reach Boys, Too

中文批注

HPV疫苗能够预防女性患宫颈癌等癌症，但是最近科学家提出，男孩也需要接种HPV疫苗，这到底是为什么呢？男孩子难道也会得宫颈癌吗？来听听科学家们是怎么解释这其中不可描述的原因的吧……

澳大利亚语言学院会定期整理一些PTE的素材库，旨在用这些与Question Criteria高度契合的素材，让大家在平日复习的时候有题可练，有素材可学习。光靠PTE官方所给出的那些复习材料，想要大幅度的提升自身英语水平，其实是远远不够的。这篇文章生词不算多，但是包含医学词汇，是一篇医学类的材料，也是PTE考试中会出现的话题，所以很适合用来练习Re-tell Lecture，同时它的Transcript也可以用来练习Summarize Written Text。

【key Vocabulary】

Annual: 年度的，每年的

Papillomavirus: 乳头瘤病毒

Tonsillar: 扁桃体的

Initiate: 开始，创始，发起

Prevalence: 流行，普遍，广泛

Oropharyngeal: 口咽的

Contribute: 贡献，出力

Vaccine: 疫苗

Compelling: adj. 引人注目的，强制的。V.强迫

Lag: vt. 落后于

Full Transcript

Gypsyamber D’Souza of Johns Hopkins University discussed the rise in HPV-related oral cancer, its connection to oral sex and the risk for men at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

“Human papillomavirus, or HPV, now causes the majority of tonsillar cancers in the United States and many western nations. And the risk of these cancers has been increasing.”

Gypsyamber D’Souza of Johns Hopkins University, February 12th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, DC.

“And it’s much higher in men than in women…we know performing oral sex is the main risk factor for oral HPV infection. And our research shows that performing oral sex is more common in younger generations than in previous generations. And that people are not only more likely to have performed oral sex but with more partners and to initiate it at any earlier age. And all of these differences in sexual behavior across age cohorts or generations do explain the differences that we see in oral HPV prevalence and in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer across the generations and why the rate of this cancer is increasing…

“But differences in sexual behavior do not explain the differences that we see between men and women in oral HPV infection and HPV-related cancer…

“Men are not only more likely to become infected with oral HPV infection than women, but our research also showed that once you become infected, men are less likely to clear these infections than women. Further contributing to their cancer risk.”

Which means that it’s not just girls and women who should get the HPV vaccine.

“In terms of vaccination of boys, as a researcher who sees the patients with these cancers, the fact that there is a vaccine with great potential to prevent them is very compelling. Our vaccination rates have lagged in boys severely in the States, which is disappointing, but there is a lot of effort to improving that. And I think it’s quite an urgent public health issue to increase HPV vaccination in boys as well as girls.”

—Steve Mirsky

(Source: http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/hpv-vaccine-needs-to-reach-boys-too/)