墨尔本PTE素材库——Cancer

墨尔本PTE素材库——Cancer

中文批注：

这篇文章介绍了关于癌症的一些知识，即什么是癌症，为什么我们会得癌症，以及治疗癌症的一些方法。这是一篇可以用来练习Re-tell Lecture和Summarize spoken text的材料，同时也可以练习定位关键信息，帮助你提高单选题和多选题的答题水平。

大家可以尝试回答以下问题:

• What is cancer?
• Which part of our body can’t get cancer?
• What can cause cancer?
• How do we treat cancer?
• What’s the side effect of chemotherapy?

澳大利亚语言学院，每周每天都会整理一定量的PTE Academic素材，以供大家整理、学习！为什么要看这些呢？因为这些话题的种类基本都符合PTE官方所给出的Question Criteria，比如科技类，比如医学类。所以大家想要在平时练习自己的听力、阅读、口语的基本功，都可以借助这些素材哦！

就如前面所提出的这些问题，大家都能否准确回答？Re-tell Lecture/ Summarize spoken text的绝佳训练素材哦！

【Key Vocabulary】

cancer n. 癌症

disease n. 疾病

overtake v. 赶上，压倒

Leukaemia n. 白血病

cell n. 细胞

be programmed to 被设定成…，被编程成…

clump n. 丛，块，聚类

tumour n. 肿瘤

be diagnosed with 被诊断患有…

chemotherapy n. 化疗

bone marrow 骨髓

daunting adj. 使人气馁的，令人怯步的

Full Transcript

Cancer is a disease which affects millions of Aussies in one way or another. Last week we found out that it’s overtaken heart disease as the country’s biggest killer. So what is cancer? How do you get it and what can be done to treat it? Bec finds out more.

REBECCA OPIE, REPORTER: Down here at the beach, doing what he loves, life’s pretty good for Adam right now.

Adam: I also like, love the feeling of just the beach and the sand, and the water and everything; it’s just amazing, especially down here where it’s always perfect.

But things haven’t always been so easy for Adam. He’s had leukaemia three times.

Adam: I was 18 months old when I got my first, when I was diagnosed with leukaemia first up, and then I was six years old, or just before six years old, when I got diagnosed a second time and I was 10 when I got diagnosed the third time.

Leukaemia is one of many different types of cancer which can affect different parts of the body. In fact, the only body parts that can’t get cancer are hair, teeth and nails.

But what exactly causes it? You can’t catch it from anyone and it isn’t caused by germs. When it comes to cancer, it’s all about cells.

Our bodies are made up of trillions of cells.
Normal, healthy cells are programmed to grow, divide, and eventually die.
It’s all part of a normal cell cycle and it’s how we grow and stay healthy.
Cancer happens when something goes wrong in a cell’s programming and it doesn’t know when to die.
It keeps dividing and crowds out the healthy cells.
These bad cells can clump together to form a tumour or they can break away, get in the blood stream and spread to other parts of the body.

Adam had a type of cancer which affected his white blood cells the ones whose job it is to defend our body from diseases.

Adam: I had bone marrow leukaemia, so there was something wrong with my bone marrow, it didn’t bring out all the white cells that a normal human body would, so I was actually defenceless.

Adam certainly isn’t alone. In Australia more than 100,000 people are diagnosed each year with some sort of cancer and that’s on the rise.

Scientists aren’t sure what causes every type of cancer but there are some things that can increase your risk like; smoking, getting too many harmful sun rays or living an unhealthy lifestyle.

The good news is there are now many ways of treating cancer. To help his body fight the leukaemia, Adam was given chemotherapy. That works by using chemicals to kill off cancerous cells. The trouble is some healthy cells can also be affected.

Adam: It makes you lose your hair and it makes you feel yuck and all that kind of stuff.

When the cancer came back, Adam had an operation to give him new bone marrow. It was a success and now there’s no sign of cancer.

Adam: I felt pretty happy but it’s always kind of daunting, in the back of your mind, you don’t really know until a good period of time has gone by that you start thinking positive thoughts. We do think positive thoughts but sometimes it’s just still really hard to think that I’m not going to get it again.

For other people living with cancer, Adam has this message.

Adam: Just keep fighting, don’t lose hope otherwise, you know, you will lose, it’s all about trust and friendships and keeping hope.

(Source: http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3939285.htm)